臺島資訊

臺灣少數民族:鄒(Tsou)

時間:2009-12-01 14:10   來源:臺胞之家網

  鄒,是目前臺灣原住民人口數排名第九的族群,他們以居住區域不同而分為三個語言各異的亞族,居住在嘉義縣阿里山的北鄒族,以及居住在高雄縣的南鄒族以及卡那卡那布族群。
  
  鄒,意指人的意思,他們是以父系嫡長為核心價值的耕獵族群。其部落組織是以設有“庫巴”的大社為核心,大社居住著各氏族的嫡長家庭,小社則是各氏族分出去的庶係家庭,每一大社都有一位世襲頭目,部族所有事務,都由各氏族最年長者主持。
  
  庫巴,是氏族男子集會的專用場所,也是鄒族群的聖地,過去男性年甫弱冠,就需離家到庫巴集訓,接受文化、歷史、技藝、狩獵的訓練,使其成為捍衛部落的勇士。集會所是大社的政治中樞,部落大事是由世襲頭目召集各氏族長老在集會所議決,也是負責戰士培訓與指揮的場所,嚴禁女子進入。目前僅余達邦、特富野兩個大社。
  
  鄒,傳統習俗中以“服役婚”的風俗最為獨特。男子婚後要在妻子的娘家義務工作三年以上,以充當聘金。女婿的服役期的長短,在婚前就已經由雙方家長談妥。戰祭,是鄒人的傳統祭典,戰祭最重要的意義是勉勵鄒人用自己全部的精力和生命來保護部落,並祈求戰神降臨保祐。從祭典的儀式流程和歌舞中可以發現,鄒人已經將人與神、人與人之間的關係秩序安排的非常清楚,同時是維繫部落倫理、規範、精神、戰鬥力的一大支柱。戰祭,每年在達邦社、特富野社輪流舉行,祭儀一般是安排在陽曆2月15日前後,它也是鄒人延續文化傳承重要的歲時祭典。

Tsou

   The Tsou tribe is ranked 9th among Taiwan’s indigenous tribes in terms of population. Its distribution includes Alishan Township of Chiayi County and Sanmin and Taoyuan townships of Kaohsiung County. 

   The name of the tribe means “human” in the Tsou language. This tribe traditionally possessed a patrilineal society, and practiced agricultural techniques and hunting. They had a strict social structure, with each of the largest villages having a chieftain and a “kuba” or men’s meeting hall, which served as the political center. The major decisions of the tribe were presided over by the elders of each of the clans. 

   The kuba is considered sacred and the exclusive domain of men. Women are strictly prohibited from entering. When boys came of age, they would leave their homes and go to the kuba for a period of training, where they would learn the culture and history of the tribe, as well as develop their skills as craftsmen, hunters and warriors. Currently, only the villages of Dabang and Tefuye possess a kuba. 

   Traditionally, a man would work for the family of his wife for at least three years following the wedding. The term of service was decided by the families of the bride and groom before marriage. The Warring Cermony (Mayasvi) is held every year on or around February 15 either in the village of Dabang or Tefuye and is one of the major ceremonies of the Tsou. During this ceremony, the god of war is invited to earth to provide blessings to the tribe.
編輯:楊永青

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